1.
The role of combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors in the association between exposure to stressors and allostatic load: A systematic review of observational studies.
Siew, RVK, Nabe-Nielsen, K, Turner, AI, Bujtor, M, Torres, SJ
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022;:105668
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to stressors can evoke psychological, physiological, and behavioral stress responses, which may lead to the adoption of health-damaging behaviors that dysregulate multiple biological systems contributing to a high allostatic load. This review explored the role of combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors in the relationship between stressors and allostatic load among healthy adults. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Medline Complete, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase databases up to September 2021. The PRISMA guidelines guided reporting and study quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Checklist. RESULTS Database searches identified 319 papers. Eight cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies met our inclusion criteria. Among the ten studies, combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors partly explained the association between exposure to stressors and elevated allostatic load in four cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies. CONCLUSION Some evidence suggests that combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors may help explain the relationship between stressors and an elevated allostatic load. Further longitudinal studies with mediation analyses would strengthen these findings and help to confirm the mechanistic role of combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors underlying the relationship between stress exposure and allostatic load.
2.
Associations of Dietary Intake on Biological Markers of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
Bujtor, M, Turner, AI, Torres, SJ, Esteban-Gonzalo, L, Pariante, CM, Borsini, A
Nutrients. 2021;13(2)
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Inflammation is the normal physiological response to injury in the body and is designed to protect the host. However, in children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been linked to a wide range of conditions. Certain markers in the blood can be measured and used to determine levels of inflammation in the body. This review of 53 studies provides the first evidence for the association between dietary intake and biological markers of inflammation in children and adolescents. Results show that adhering to a healthy way of eating such as the Mediterranean diet, are associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers. The Western Dietary pattern, as well as intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with higher levels of the same pro-inflammatory markers. A good quality diet, high in fruit and vegetables, wholegrains, fibre and healthy fats ameliorates low-grade inflammation, and therefore represents a potential therapeutic approach. It is also an important element for disease prevention in both children and adolescents.
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. METHODS Studies that measured dietary intake (patterns of diet, indices, food groups, nutrients) and any inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents aged 2 to19 years and published until November 2020 were included in this systematic review, and were selected in line with PRISMA guidelines through the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Global Health, Medline COMPLETE and Web of Science-Core Collection. A total of 53 articles were identified. RESULTS Results show that adequate adherence to healthful dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, or food groups such as vegetables and fruit, or macro/micro nutrients such as fibre or vitamin C and E, are associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, mainly c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), whereas adherence to a Western dietary pattern, as well as intake of food groups such as added sugars, macro-nutrients such as saturated fatty acids or ultra-processed foods, is associated with higher levels of the same pro-inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review examining dietary intake and biological markers of inflammation in both children and adolescents. A good quality diet, high in vegetable and fruit intake, wholegrains, fibre and healthy fats ameliorates low-grade inflammation, and therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach, as well as an important element for disease prevention in both children and adolescents.
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Can dietary intake protect against low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents?
Bujtor, M
Brain, behavior, & immunity - health. 2021;:100369
Abstract
In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. In this review, I discuss the current observational and interventional evidence that supports a potential therapeutic role for dietary intake in the amelioration of low-grade inflammation and highlight the need to develop a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying and attenuating the associations between dietary intake and low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents.